ASTM A213/A213M Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-Exchanger Tubes

1. Scope  

ASTM A213/A213M is a standard specification for seamless ferritic and austenitic alloy-steel boiler, superheater, and heat-exchanger tubes. It applies to high-temperature service in power plants, refineries, and similar industries.

 2. Ordering Information  

Purchasers must specify:  

- Quantity (length, number of pieces)  

- Material grade (e.g., T11, T22, TP304H)  

- Dimensions (OD, wall thickness)  

- Condition (e.g., annealed, cold-worked)  

- Test requirements (hydrostatic/nondestructive testing)  

- Certification or inspection needs  

- Any additional requirements (e.g., special tolerances)  

 3. Main Stainless Steel & Alloy Grades  

 Ferritic Grades  

- T5, T9, T11, T12, T22 (e.g., T22: 2.25Cr-1Mo)  

- T91, T92 (9Cr-1Mo-V-Nb)  

 Austenitic Grades  

- TP304/304H, TP316/316H (18Cr-8Ni)  

- TP321/321H (Ti-stabilized)  

- TP347/347H (Nb-stabilized)  

- S31025 (Super 304H), S31254 (6Mo super austenitic)  

 4. Manufacturing & Heat Treatment  

- Tubes are seamless, made by hot-working or cold-working.  

- Heat treatment (e.g., austenitic grades are solution-annealed; ferritic grades are normalized and tempered).  

 5. Chemical Composition  

- Strict limits for C, Mn, P, S, Si, Cr, Ni, Mo, etc.  

- H-grade variants (e.g., TP304H) have higher carbon for creep resistance.  

 6. Mechanical Properties  

- Tensile strength, yield strength, elongation per grade (e.g., TP304H: ≥515 MPa tensile).  

- Hardness limits (e.g., ≤90 HRB for austenitic grades).  

 7. Inspection & Testing Requirements  

- Hydrostatic testing (mandatory, unless replaced by nondestructive testing).  

- Nondestructive testing (NDT) (eddy current, ultrasonic, or pneumatic).  

- Flattening, flare, or bend tests (if specified).  

- Grain size verification for H-grades.  

- Intergranular corrosion test (for austenitic grades, if required).  

 8. Certification & Marking  

- Mill test reports (MTRs) must include chemical, mechanical, and test results.  

- Marking: ASTM standard, grade, heat number, size, manufacturer’s name.  

 9. Tolerance Requirements  

- OD, wall thickness, length, and straightness tolerances are specified.  

Main Applications  

Used in boilers, superheaters, heat exchangers, and other high-pressure/temperature environments.  

Main Steel Grades

Here is a concise list of the main steel grades in ASTM A213/A213M, along with their key chemical components and mechanical properties (based on the latest version of the standard).  

 1. Ferritic and Martensitic Grades  

 (Low-Alloy Steels for High-Temperature Service)  

| Grade | UNS No. | Chemical Composition (Key Elements, %) | Mechanical Properties |

| T5    | K51545     | 1.0Cr-0.5Mo (C≤0.15, Mn 0.30-0.60) | Tensile: ≥415 MPa Yield: ≥205 MPa Elong.: ≥30% |

| T9    | K90941     | 9Cr-1Mo (C 0.15-0.25, Si 0.25-1.0) | Tensile: ≥585 MPa Yield: ≥380 MPa Elong.: ≥20% |

| T11   | K11597     | 1.25Cr-0.5Mo-Si (C≤0.15) | Tensile: ≥415 MPa Yield: ≥205 MPa Elong.: ≥30% |

| T12   | K11562     | 1.25Cr-0.5Mo (C≤0.15) | Same as T11 |

| T22   | K21590     | 2.25Cr-1Mo (C≤0.15) | Tensile: ≥415 MPa Yield: ≥205 MPa Elong.: ≥30% |

| T91   | K90901     | 9Cr-1Mo-V-Nb (C 0.08-0.12) | Tensile: ≥585 MPa Yield: ≥415 MPa Elong.: ≥20% |

| T92   | K92460     | 9Cr-0.5Mo-2W-V-Nb (C 0.07-0.13) | Tensile: ≥620 MPa Yield: ≥440 MPa Elong.: ≥20% |

 2. Austenitic Grades  

 (Stainless Steels for Corrosion & Heat Resistance)  

| Grade | UNS No. | Chemical Composition (Key Elements, %) | Mechanical Properties |

| TP304 | S30400     | 18Cr-8Ni (C≤0.08, Mn≤2.0) | Tensile: ≥515 MPa Yield: ≥205 MPa Elong.: ≥35% |

| TP304H| S30409     | 18Cr-8Ni (C 0.04-0.10) | Same as TP304 but higher creep strength |

| TP316 | S31600     | 16Cr-12Ni-2Mo (C≤0.08) | Tensile: ≥515 MPa Yield: ≥205 MPa Elong.: ≥35% |

| TP316H| S31609     | 16Cr-12Ni-2Mo (C 0.04-0.10) | Same as TP316 but higher creep strength |

| TP321 | S32100     | 18Cr-10Ni-Ti (C≤0.08, Ti≥5xC) | Tensile: ≥515 MPa Yield: ≥205 MPa Elong.: ≥35% |

| TP321H| S32109     | 18Cr-10Ni-Ti (C 0.04-0.10) | Same as TP321 but higher creep strength |

| TP347 | S34700     | 18Cr-10Ni-Nb (C≤0.08, Nb≥10xC) | Tensile: ≥515 MPa Yield: ≥205 MPa Elong.: ≥35% |

| TP347H| S34709     | 18Cr-10Ni-Nb (C 0.04-0.10) | Same as TP347 but higher creep strength |

| S31025 (Super 304H) | S31025 | 18Cr-9Ni-3Cu-Nb (C 0.07-0.13) | Tensile: ≥590 MPa Yield: ≥240 MPa Elong.: ≥35% |

| S31254 (6Mo Super Austenitic) | S31254 | 20Cr-18Ni-6Mo-0.2N (C≤0.02) | Tensile: ≥650 MPa Yield: ≥300 MPa Elong.: ≥35% |

 Key Notes:  

1. H-Grades (e.g., TP304H, TP316H) have higher carbon (0.04–0.10%) for improved creep resistance at high temperatures.  

2. Stabilized Grades (TP321/TP347) contain Ti or Nb to prevent chromium carbide precipitation (sensitization).  

3. Mechanical Properties are for annealed condition; cold-worked tubes may have higher strength but lower elongation.  

4. Hardness Limits:  

   - Ferritic grades: Typically ≤250 HBW.  

   - Austenitic grades: ≤90 HRB (Rockwell B).  

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